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Bladder Infection

more about Bladder Infection


Cystitis



Normal

Abnormal
  • Cystitis is usually caused by bacteria.  It is an extremely common problem and most often affects women.  Men can also have Bladder Infections, but it is much less common.

  • The most common symptoms are frequent urination, burning or painful urination, and urgency (having to urinate right away).
  • Some notice blood in their urine, while others have pain in the region of the bladder.
  • Most do not have fever and usually are not very sick.

  • Cystitis is usually due to a bacterial infection of the urine.  Occasionally, it can be caused by a virus.
  • The infection is more common in women because a woman's anatomy is designed in such a way that it makes it easier for bacteria to enter the bladder (short urethra).
  • Sexual intercourse, using spermicidal creams, and using diaphragms all increase the risk of developing Bladder Infection.
  • People who have a catheter in their bladder or who have to periodically catheterize themselves have a higher risk of developing Bladder Infection.
  • People with Bladder Cancers or abnormal connections between their bladder and intestines also have a higher risk of developing Bladder Infection.

  • Often times, treatment may be based on the symptoms alone, without additional tests.
  • Urinalysis (in which the urine is tested for the presence of an infection) is the most common method of diagnosis.
  • Blood and Urine cultures may also be required.
  • In women with frequent infections (more than three a year), a full examination of the urinary tract (usually by a specialist) needs to be done.  Also, it is sometimes recommended that all men who develop any type of urinary infection, including Bladder Infections, need to be seen by a specialist.

  • Antibiotics are needed to treat the infection.  There are a wide variety of antibiotics available for the treatment of Bladder Infections.  Talk to your doctor to see which one is best for you.
  • Some infections only require 3 days of antibiotics.  Other more serious infections require 7 to 10 days of antibiotic therapy.
  • Women who have more than three Bladder Infections per year may need prophylactic therapy (i.e., they are given antibiotics to prevent repeat infections).
  • The most common antibiotics used for prophylactic therapy are trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, and cephalexin.  The antibiotics are taken once a day or at the time of intercourse.





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