• Blood

• White blood cell count (WBC): 4.5 -11 x 10³/µL

• Red blood cell count (RBC)

1. Male: 4.6-6.2 x 10⁶/µL
2. Female: 4.2-5.4 x 10⁶/µL

• Hemoglobin

1. Male: 13.5-18 g/dl
2. Female: 12-16 g/dl

• Hematocrit

1. Male: 40-54% (volume fraction)
2. Female: 38-47% (volume fraction)

• Red cell indices

1. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV): 80-96 µm³
2. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH): 27-31 pg
3. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC): 32-36% (concentration fraction)
4. Red cell distribution width (RDW-CV): 13.1%

• Platelet count

- Adult: 150,000-450,000 cells/µL

• Reticulocyte count

- Adult: 25,000-75,000/µL

• To assess the patient for anemia, infection, inflammation, polycythemia, hemolytic disease, the effects of ABO among different types of anemia
• To assess the severity of blood loss
• To evaluate the bone marrow response to treatment of anemia

• White cell count

1. Infection
2. Inflammation
3. Leukemias

• Red cell count

1. Polycythemia
2. Renal tumor
3. Hemoconcentration

• Hemoglobin

1. Polycythemia
2. Hemoconcentration

• Hematocrit

1. Polycythemia
2. Hemoconcentration

• Red cell indices

1. MCV: Pernicious anemia, Vitamin B12 or Folate Deficiency
2. MCV: Hereditary spherocytosis
3. RDW: Microcytic Anemias

• Platelets

1. Myeloproliferative diseases
2. Multiple Myeloma
3. Iron Deficiency Anemia
4. Postsplenectomy response
5. Hodgkin's disease
6. Lymphomas
7. Renal disease
8. Infection or inflammation

• Reticulocytes

1. Treatment for iron deficiency or pernicious anemia
2. Hemorrhage
3. Chronic blood loss
4. Hemolytic anemia

• Hematocrit

1. Hemorrhage
2. Anemia
3. Hemolysis
4. Hemodilution

• Red cell indices

1. MCV: Iron Deficiency Anemia
2. Chronic inflammation
3. MCH: Iron Deficiency Anemia

• Platelets

1. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
2. Aplastic Anemia
3. Anemias
4. Dissemiated intravascular coagulation
5. Bone marrow depression
6. Systemic Lupus erythematosus
7. Uremia
8. Liver disease

• Reticulocytes

1. Aplastic Anemia
2. Iron Deficiency Anemia
3. Anemia of chronic disease
4. Pernicious anemia
5. Endocrine or renal disease

• Hemolysis
• Coagulation of the specimen
• Hemodilution
• Frequent blood transfusion