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Male Infertility

more about Male Infertility




Normal

Abnormal
  • Infertility is defined as the failure of a couple to achieve a pregnancy after at least 1 year of frequent unprotected intercourse.  Male factors are responsible for 25 to 30% of the cases of infertility, while females are responsible for 30 to 35%, and the rest are attributed to both sexes.

  • Pain in the case of torsion or infection, but otherwise, symptoms may be absent or a result of the underlying disease.  The only sign may be the failure to initiate pregnancy.

  • The majority of cases are due to disorders of the testicles, congenital diseases, and defects at birth (such as chromosomal and gene abnormalities, or a blockage of the tubes that carry sperm).
  • Acquired defects -- infections such as Mumps affect the testis.
  • Injuries such as torsion of the testis (twisting of  the testis around its cord)
  • Radiation injury
  • Toxins (i.e., alcohol, insecticides, certain metals, certain medical and recreational drugs
  • Immunological diseases such as Insulin- dependent diabetes
  • Diseases such as kidney failure, liver diseases, sickle cell disease, and AIDS

  • History and a complete physical exam (body and testicles) are the first steps, along with the following tests:
  • Semen analysis (the number, condition, motility, and function of the sperm)
    1. Hormonal analysis (specifically the sex hormones such as testosterone)
    2. Blood and urine analysis
    3. Ultrasound (using sound waves to see inside the testes and the cord) Needle biopsy of testicles is some times necessary.

  • Treatment will depend on the cause.  It may involve a surgical opening of blocked tubes, or a correction of twisted testes.  Hormone replacement and psychological counseling is advised.




more about Male Infertility


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