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Lower esophageal ring
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- These are thin rings of tissue that occur in the lower (distal) esophagus. This condition is always associated with a hiatal hernia (i.e., part of the stomach slides through the diaphragm into the chest).
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- Intermittent difficulty passing solid foods (especially if food is poorly chewed). Food feels like it gets stuck in the lower chest. May feel discomfort, pressure, or pain.
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- Barium swallow
- Endoscopy -- scope passed into the esophagus
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- Bougie dilators (balloon dilation of the ring)
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