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A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury characterized by a transient loss of consciousness without gross anatomical abnormalities of the brain.
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Generally, the symptoms and length of unconsciousness depend upon the severity of
the injury.
- Loss of consciousness (lasting seconds to minutes)
- Memory loss of the events surrounding the injury
- Problems with thinking or concentration
- Dizziness, Tinnitus, headaches or vomiting
- Irritability or agitation
- Post-concussion syndrome is characterized by fatigue, vague headaches, decreased concentration, dizziness, memory and vision changes following the concussion. In some patients, post-concussion syndrome may begin weeks or even months after the initial injury.
- Depressive symptoms may require short-term psychotherapy.
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A concussion results from a rapidly uncontrolled head motion or a blow to the head from a high-speed motor vehicle accident, fall or strike by a moving object or assault.
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A concussion may be diagnosed by a physician with a history of accidents and neurologic examinations. A simple skull X-Ray, Brain CT scan or MRI scan can be helpful.
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- Rest
- Close observation is important for the first 24 hours to check out the changes in symptoms that indicate a complicated hemorrhage. Complicated concussions that bleed usually require surgery.
- Surgery is usually not necessary for an uncomplicated concussion
- Inactivity -- activities may be restricted based on the length of unconsciousness and the history of prior injuries.
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Most patients with simple concussions have a full recovery, although the post-concussion syndrome can persist for weeks. The recovery period is related to the severity of concussion. If the patient has a history of head injuries, they usually last longer and are a bit more on the serious side.
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