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Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine (backbone), causing it to have more of an "S" or "C" than a straight line, because of the abnormal curve from side to side. It is usually accompanied by twisting deformities of the vertebral body.
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Scoliosis
is usually painless. In the early stages, the curve is too
subtle to be noticed.
- One shoulder appears to be higher than the other shoulder
- Uneven pelvis
- Protruding shoulder blades
- Fatigue after prolonged sitting or standing
- Dull back pain or breathing difficulty can occur in severe scoliosis
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- The most common form of scoliosis is 'idiopathic' (over 80% of the cases), meaning the cause is unknown. Most idiopathic scoliosis occurs in middle to late childhood from the ages of 10-18.
- Most cases of idiopathic scoliosis have genetic tendencies.
- In other instances, scoliosis may occur secondary to the underlying disorders, such as Poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, congenital abnormality (especially hemivertebrae), spina bifida or progressive muscular dystrophy.
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A diagnosis is based on the physical test and X-Rays of the spine. Spine X-Ray's are used to assess the degree and severity of scoliosis, and to identify any other spinal abnormalities.
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The
treatment is determined by the degree of the curve, the type
of scoliosis and age.
- Observation -- if the curve is minimal (the curve is less than 20 degrees), no treatment is required. The follow-up of the scoliosis is needed every 6 months.
- Back brace -- for spinal curves of 20 to 40 degrees, a brace is helpful in preventing the progression of the scoliosis, but does not correct the existing curve.
- Surgery -- surgery is recommended for severe scoliosis (over 40 degrees) to correct the curve and stabilize the spine. The spine is straightened by fusing the vertebrae, and is supported with instrumentation and device.
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