Seizures

Also known as

Epilepsy, Convulsions, fits, and spells

The brain transmits and stores information somewhat like electrical circuitry. When abnormal electrical activity or a “short circuit” occurs in the brain “wiring,” a seizure occurs. This abnormal electrical brain activity is transmitted to the rest of the body as incorrect signals — resulting in abnormal muscle activity (convulsion), fainting, breathing abnormalities, etc. Specific symptoms usually correlate to the part of the brain where the abnormal electrical activity initiated.

Simple partial Seizures — jerking localized on one side of the body, light flashing, or hallucinations
Complex partial Seizures — same symptoms as simple partial Seizures, but with impaired consciousness (i.e., fainting or confusion)
Absence (Petit Mal) Seizures — brief episodes (a few seconds) of loss of attention and loss of consciousness (sometimes with fainting). The individual appears to “space out” for a few seconds.
Myoclonic Seizures — muscle jerking
Tonic — clonic (Grand Mal)-sudden loss of consciousness, body rigidity, falling to the ground, diffuse muscle jerking. Lip/tongue biting and urinary/fecal incontinence may occur. Sleep usually follows a Grand Mal seizure.

1. Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium levels
2. Glucose level
3. Kidney and liver function

Depends on type of seizure. Common medications include Dilantin, Phenobarbital, and Valproic acid.
Surgical treatment (removal of brain focus) if all medications fail

Status epilepticus is a life threatening emergency — treatment usually involves airway protection, glucose injection, Diazepam or lorazepam intravenously, and Dilantin intravenously.

Individuals with Seizures should not drive or operate dangerous equipment unless Seizures are properly controlled. This should be determined by a neurologist. Only a physician (usually a neurologist) can determine when and if a person should discontinue seizure medications.