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- This is a condition in which the brain tissue itself becomes infected and inflamed. Viruses are the most common cause. They are often transmitted by mosquito bite.
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- Fever
- Headache
- Stiff neck
- Double Vision
- Facial droop
- Sore throat
- Nausea/vomiting
- Stiff (spastic) paralysis
- Stupor
- Coma
- Seizures
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- Cerebral spinal fluid may show increased protein and increased lymphocyte count
- Blood tests (serology) may show evidence of the virus that is causing encephalitis.
- CT scans and MRI scans will show Herpes virus in the temporal lobe, or other causes such as toxoplasmosis.
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- If caused by Herpes virus -- Acyclovir intravenously
- Rabies vaccination series
- Most of the other viruses -- no specific treatment
- Mannitol may be needed to decrease intracranial pressure
- Treatment of Seizures if they occur
- Maintain airway (breathing)
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- Mosquito control -- insecticides sprayed by government agencies
- Mosquito repellents, protective clothing
- Proper childhood vaccinations
- Japanese B encephalitis vaccine available for travelers (especially high risk, children, and adults over 65 years old)
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